A rare form of cancer, which can take years to diagnose and has symptoms that could be mistaken for less serious illnesses, is affecting thousands of Brits who are dismissing vital signs.
Cancer, which is a deadly disease characterised by abnormal cell growth and division, can spread to other tissues and organs. There are over 200 types of cancer, some more recognisable than others due to their more obvious symptoms, reports the Express.
One such lesser-known type is thyroid cancer, with the NHS urging people to be vigilant for any warning signs.
Despite being a rare form of cancer, it still accounts for around 3,800 new diagnoses in the UK every year, according to Cancer Research UK.
Identifying whether you have thyroid cancer can be challenging as many of its symptoms are vague and can resemble other less serious conditions. This means you could unknowingly have thyroid cancer for months or even years.
The thyroid gland, located in the neck just in front of the windpipe, is responsible for creating hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism – the process of converting food into energy. Thyroid cancer develops in this gland, hence the most common symptoms of the disease affect the neck and throat.
There are other symptoms that could be easily mistaken for something else or ignored. According to the NHS, these include:
- A red face (flushing) – this may be harder to see on brown or black skin
- Softer poos or diarrhoea
- Weight loss
- A cough
The MD Anderson Cancer Center notes that patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer, the main type of thyroid cancer, “often have symptoms that they dismiss for years” until receiving a diagnosis.
And a study, by the University of Aberdeen, found it takes an average of four and a half years for thyroid conditions such as hyperthyroidism to be diagnosed.
Other thyroid cancer symptoms
The NHS states that the cancer is quite rare and typically affects women more than men.
Women are two to three times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men. It’s unclear why this is, but it may be a result of the hormonal changes associated with the female reproductive system.
The most common symptoms of thyroid cancer affect the neck and throat.
These can include:
- A lump in the front, lower part of your neck – the lump usually feels hard, slowly gets bigger and is not painful
- A hoarse voice
- A sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling like something is pressing against your neck
If you experience any symptoms you should speak to your GP. You usually have several tests to check for thyroid cancer.
If you have cancer these tests can also help your doctor decide what treatment you need.
These tests include:
- An ultrasound scan to create a picture of your thyroid gland
- A test to look at a sample of cells from your thyroid (biopsy)
- Scans to find out if your cancer has spread (CT scan or MRI scan).
- Different types of thyroid cancer
- Your type of thyroid cancer depends on the type of cell the cancer starts in
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There are different types of thyroid cancer including:
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Follicular thyroid cancer
- Oncocytic cell thyroid cancer
- Medullary thyroid cancer
- Anaplastic thyroid cancer.
- It is not always clear why someone gets thyroid cancer
However, your risk can be increased if:
- You’re a woman and have not been through the menopause
- You have a brother, sister, parent or child who has had thyroid cancer
- You were exposed to a lot of radiation or had radiotherapy treatment in the past
- You’ve had certain cancers before such as breast, oesophageal and testicular cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- You have a condition that affects the thyroid such as a swollen thyroid (goitre), Hashimoto’s disease or nodules (non-cancerous lumps) in or on your thyroid
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Sarah Carter is a health and wellness expert residing in the UK. With a background in healthcare, she offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being, promoting healthier living for readers.