Researchers are unsure why personality might protect people but believe that character traits may improve the brain’s neuroplasticity – or ability to rewire itself and make new connections in response to learning or injury.
Having a positive mindset and being open to new experiences likely boosts neuroplasticity, giving the brain a headstart when it comes to bypassing the damage caused by dementia.
Likewise, the benefit of conscientiousness may be linked to staying generally healthier, which is known to lower the risk of a dementia diagnosis.
People with higher levels of some traits may find ways, whether they are aware of it or not, to cope with and work around impairments.
Dr Beck added: “For example, people who are high in ‘conscientiousness’ eat better, exercise more, smoke and drink less, etc.
“Over time, these accrue into lower risk of all sorts of chronic illnesses, including dementia. In contrast, neuroticism and negative affect are mostly emotional, but we know that chronic negative emotions are associated with cortisol and greater overall inflammation, which are, in turn, associated with many chronic illnesses like dementia.
“And extraversion is more than just sociability. It also encompasses tendencies toward being more active, social dominant, and experiencing more positive emotions.
“So the link we saw between extraversion and lower risk could signal that social interactions and positive emotions are protective by, for example, reducing inflammation.”
Sarah Carter is a health and wellness expert residing in the UK. With a background in healthcare, she offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being, promoting healthier living for readers.
